数字化曲面全景X线系统造影在腮腺非肿瘤类疾病诊断中的应用

目的　本文报告普通X线机腮腺造影与数字化曲面X线机腮腺造影结果及其对比应用。方法　用3种不同的X线机对 3组腮腺非肿瘤类疾病患者进行腮腺造影 ,第 1组患者 10人应用普通 30 0mAX线机 ,第 2组患者 10人应用普通曲面全景X线机 ,第 3组患者 36人应用数字化曲面全景X线系统一套 ,分别行造影检查。结果腮腺造影侧位投照第 2组与第 1组末梢导管及腺泡有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,第 3组与第 1组末梢导管及腺泡无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,腮腺造影后前位投照第 2组与第 1、3组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本研究对比了 3种X线投照技术在腮腺非肿瘤性疾病造影诊断中的效果 ,用数字化曲面全景X线系统造影在诊断此类疾病中显示出较好的效果。     

动脉数字减影血管造影的临床应用

本文报告８０例动脉数字减影血管造影（ＩＡＤＳＡ）的初步经验，特别着重影像质量的评价。在本组病例，ＩＡＤＳＡ主要用于头颅、颈部、肺、腹部以及先天性心脏病的诊断。本组未发生重大并发症。ＩＡＤＳＡ的优点是：（１）影像质量好；（２）用于ＩＡＤＳＡ的剂量和浓度以及导管的直径均较用于常规血管造影的小得多，因此其副作用和并发症显著减少；（３）检查时间显著缩短，因此，ＩＡＤＳＡ对介入放射学治疗特别有用；（４）ＩＡＤＳＡ现已大部取代常规血管造影来诊断多种疾病。     

通过凝胶电泳数字化图像分析蛋白含量的改进方法

本文提出利用凝胶电泳数字化图像技术，通过光密度方法测量蛋白含量的改进方法和修正公式。分析了凝胶电泳图像数字化过程中，照射光源强度、凝胶背景、摄像机等参量对蛋白含量计算结果的影响；并证明了用不同强度的光源照射或使用大小不同的摄像机光圈所获得的凝胶数字化图像，不影响测量结果。采用图像分析技术确定蛋白区带电泳边界和修正公式，测量了不同浓度的牛血清白蛋白、β－乳球蛋白的相对含量，结果显示：修正公式的计算结果与蛋白实际浓度的相关系数高于不考虑凝胶背景的公式的计算结果，且修正公式的计算结果与实际含量更趋近于正比关系     

Benefits of the DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step

A few years ago, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard introduced a network transaction that is initiated by modality equipment, mainly at the beginning and at the end of the acquisition. This transaction, the Modality Performed Procedure Step (MPPS), is sent to the Picture Archiving and Communication System and/or to the Radiology Information System. It carries information about what really has been performed by the modality equipment during acquisition. In this paper, we present MPPS and discuss its benefits. We show how MPPS enables efficient radiology workflow and how it ensures accuracy and completeness of imaging information. We think our paper helps bridge the gap between MPPS implementation and deployment. By understanding all the MPPS benefits, the end user becomes aware of the great enhancement in patient care that this transaction provides.     

New algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure measurement and analysis in conscious rats

A new algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats has been developed. Real-time recognition of BP waveforms, real-time noise rejection and determination of representative waveform indexes (WIs) at indicated time points using digital filters and Smirnov's rejection test were realized with this system. Digital filters were applied for two different purposes: waveform segmentation and smoothing the calculations of representative WIs. Smirnov's rejection test was used for real-time noise rejection and yielded an accurate rejection rate of 99.99%. The result was that the digital filter processing and Smirnov's rejection test realized accurate real-time BP measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats using a personal computer.     

Clinical Potential of Digital Linear Tomosynthesis Imaging of Total Joint Arthroplasty

The present study was performed to evaluate the potential for clinical application of digital linear tomosynthesis in imaging hip prostheses. Volumetric x-ray digital linear tomosysnthesis was used to image hip prostheses. The tomosynthesis was compared to metal artifact reduction (MAR) computed tomography (CT), and non-MAR CT scans of a prosthesis case. The effectiveness of this method in enhancing visibility of a prosthesis case was quantified in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and removal of ghosting artifacts in a prosthesis case was quantified in terms of the artifact spread function (ASF). In the near in-focus plane, the contrast is greater in the MAR CT or tomosynthesis relative to the non-MAR CT. The order of ASF performance of the algorithm was as follows: (1) tomosynthesis; (2) MAR-CT; (3) non-MAR CT. The potential usefulness of digital linear tomosynthesis for evaluation of hip prostheses was demonstrated. Further studies are required to determine the ability of digital linear tomosynthesis to quantify the spatial relationships between the metallic components of these devices as well as to identify bony changes with diagnostic consequences.     

Physics-Driven CFD Modeling of Complex Anatomical Cardiovascular Flows—A TCPC Case Study

Recent developments in medical image acquisition combined with the latest advancements in numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations have created unprecedented opportunities for developing simple and reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for meeting patient-specific surgical planning objectives. However, for CFD to reach its full potential and gain the trust and confidence of medical practitioners, physics-driven numerical modeling is required. This study reports on the experience gained from an ongoing integrated CFD modeling effort aimed at developing an advanced numerical simulation tool capable of accurately predicting flow characteristics in an anatomically correct total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). An anatomical intra-atrial TCPC model is reconstructed from a stack of magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired in vivo. An exact replica of the computational geometry was built using transparent rapid prototyping. Following the same approach as in earlier studies on idealized models, flow structures, pressure drops, and energy losses were assessed both numerically and experimentally, then compared. Numerical studies were performed with both a first-order accurate commercial software and a recently developed, second-order accurate, in-house flow solver. The commercial CFD model could, with reasonable accuracy, capture global flow quantities of interest such as control volume power losses and pressure drops and time-averaged flow patterns. However, for steady inflow conditions, both flow visualization experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements revealed unsteady, complex, and highly 3D flow structures, which could not be captured by this numerical model with the available computational resources and additional modeling efforts that are described. Preliminary time-accurate computations with the in-house flow solver were shown to capture for the first time these complex flow features and yielded solutions in good agreement with the experimental observations. Flow fields obtained were similar for the studied total cardiac output range (1–3 l/min); however hydrodynamic power loss increased dramatically with increasing cardiac output, suggesting significant energy demand at exercise conditions. The simulation of cardiovascular flows poses a formidable challenge to even the most advanced CFD tools currently available. A successful prediction requires a two-pronged, physics-based approach, which integrates high-resolution CFD tools and high-resolution laboratory measurements.     

生物组织微阵列芯片自动制备仪的研制

介绍了一种新型生物组织微阵列芯片自动制备仪的研制。分析了组织微阵列制备过程中的操作任务和实现目标,进行了制备仪的结构设计和各功能模块研究开发。制备仪从结构上分为蜡块承载定位模块和三工位操作模块,控制系统的组成有操作空间精密定位子系统,组织蜡块图像识别子系统,蜡块打孔填埋作业子系统等。研制成功的制备仪样机具备了图像自动识别、精密定位、自动打孔填埋等功能,实现了生物组织微阵列芯片的自动化制备。     

Laterality of Body Focus and Digital Skin Temperature in Patients with Raynaud''s Disease

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between lateralization of body image and right versus left vasomotor activity. Fifteen right-handed female patients suffering from idiopathic Raynaud's disease demonstrated a relationship between the extent of right lateralization of body image and bilateral digital skin temperature during a controlled temperature stress test. In addition, subjects showing a reliable right side awareness demonstrated more unilateral vasospastic attacks in their right hand than their left hand white subjects showing no clear right lateralization by body image reported more left hand attacks than right hand attacks. These results were taken as consistent with previous work on the relationship between skin conductance and lateralization of body image.     

Impedance-gradient electrode reduces skin irritation induced by transthoracic defibrillation

A new type of disposable external defibrillation electrode has been developed to reduce the skin irritation commonly associated with defibrillation and synchronised cardioversion. This design employs an impedance gradient to reduce the proportion of current delivered to the electrode periphery. The temperature distribution under the new electrode was compared with that of four other types of commercially available electrodes after repeated high-energy biphasic defibrillation discharges to domestic swine. Skin temperature distributions were acquired using non-invasive thermography. Measurements of the maximum temperature rise at each electrode site, taken 3.6s after the fifth defibrillation discharge, demonstrated that the new impedance-gradient electrode produced 50–60% less skin heating than two of the three uniform-impedance electrode designs. Histological examination of erythematous sites excised 24h after defibrillation quantified the associated skin damage using a scoring protocol developed for this study. In contrast to previous studies, histological examinations demonstrated second-degree skin burns following defibrillation. The new electrode design, however, induced 44–46% less skin damage than two of the traditional uniform-impedance electrodes.